TMD is a group of problems that affect the temporomandibular (jaw) joint and muscles. Common symptoms include pain when chewing or biting, difficulty opening the mouth, a clicking jaw, and/or a popping sound in the joint. It can also lead to headaches, earache, neck pain or stiffness, and shoulder pain or tenderness. There are more than 30 types of TMD, which range from a simple “clicking” jaw to severe degeneration of the joint and/or damage to the surrounding structures, tmj treatment can help manage symptoms and address the underlying causes of TMD.
TMJ treatment may include non-invasive methods, such as jaw stretching and strengthening exercises, hot or cold packs on the face, and relaxation techniques. Certain foods can also help, including those that are soft and easy to chew.
A dentist, otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor), or physical therapist can teach you these methods and/or recommend additional therapies.
Many people with TMD find that their condition improves as they work with their healthcare professional to manage it. Initially, your doctor will ask you questions about your health history and examine your face, jaw, and neck. They will check how your jaw moves and listen for a clicking noise when you open or close your mouth. They will also look for signs of inflammation in your gums, cheek, or neck. Imaging tests, such as x-rays or CT scans, can also help in diagnosing TMD.
Your doctor can prescribe medications that can reduce your pain and swelling. Some of these include NSAIDs and muscle relaxants. They can also help with the movement of your jaw, but they don’t usually relieve TMD symptoms right away.
A newer therapy uses your own body’s healing properties to improve jaw function, reduce pain, and restore the cartilage that cushions the joint. Platelet-rich plasma, or PRP, is harvested from your blood. Your doctor then uses it to repair the cartilage, ligament, and/or muscle in your jaw. Several studies suggest that this therapy has a good chance of helping with TMD.
If non-invasive treatments don’t work, surgery may be an option. The type of surgery you have depends on what kind of problem you have with your TMJ. Your doctor can do arthroscopy, a minimally invasive procedure that allows them to see inside the joint and remove adhesions. They can also reposition the jaw’s disc if it is out of place. Surgical replacement of the TMJ has been successful in some people with advanced TMD.
While research shows that TMJ implants can help some people, most experts advise against them because they don’t improve quality of life and aren’t proven to be safe or effective. If your doctor suggests surgery for TMD, get a second opinion from another expert.